Gum recession is a common problem that causes teeth to look longer, exposes the root surface and leads to hot-cold sensitivity. The good news is that its cause can often be found and eliminated. In this article we explain the causes we encounter most often. For treatment options, see our gum disease treatment page.
Local and general causes
Gum recession has both local (inside the mouth) and general causes. Finding which cause plays a role is the first step of treatment.
1. Incorrect tooth brushing (the most common cause)
The most important factor we encounter in our clinic is incorrect brushing habits. The most common mistake in our society is brushing the teeth in a horizontal direction. Brushing in a hurry, not choosing the brush head in the right size or not choosing the bristles at the right hardness can lead to serious gum recession.
2. Habits
Some habits can cause gum recession in the long run:
- Nail biting
- Cracking seeds
- Tongue or lip piercings
3. High filling or prosthesis (occlusal trauma)
Sometimes, although it may seem insignificant, a filling being too high can cause gum recession. We call this occlusal trauma. High restorations, crowns and bridge prostheses should be evaluated in this respect.
4. Teeth clenching (bruxism)
Occlusal trauma-related gum recession can also be seen in people who clench their teeth hard at night. This is an example of a general cause.
5. Tartar and gum inflammation
When tartar settles on the root surface, it causes material loss there. This process, which can begin with gum recession, can also lead to bone loss as it progresses.
6. Abnormal frenulum
If the frenulum (lip and cheek band) attached to the gum causes an abnormal muscle pull, gum recession can occur in that area. This band can be removed with a small surgical procedure.
7. Orthodontic treatment
Especially in the lower front area, in the young age group and in severe orthodontic cases, gum recession may be encountered after orthodontics. In this case the decision is made together with the orthodontist; sometimes the intervention is made while treatment continues, sometimes when it is finished.
8. Genetic structure and age
Genetic factors and age can also play a role in gum recession.
What should you do?
Recession may not have a single cause; often several factors play a role together. For this reason the cause is found first and then eliminated. If the recession in the same area is progressing, sensitivity is increasing or looseness of the tooth has begun, we recommend consulting a periodontology specialist.
This article is for general information only. Every patient's situation is different; the treatment plan is determined together with your dentist after the examination and any necessary imaging.
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